..  docs/source/tasks/phq9.rst

..  Copyright (C) 2012, University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry.
    Created by Rudolf Cardinal (rnc1001@cam.ac.uk).
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.. _phq9:

Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
--------------------------------------

.. include:: include_from_lp_specific.rst

.. include:: include_from_perinatal_common.rst


History and guide
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

See Spitzer et al. (1999, as below) and the instructions
(http://www.phqscreeners.com/instructions/instructions.pdf).

A score of ≥10 identifies major depressive disorder (MDD) with sensitivity
77-88%, specificity 88-94% (Kroenke et al. 2010, as below).

See also the :ref:`PHQ-8 <phq8>`.


Source
~~~~~~

- Original source is at http://www.phqscreeners.com.

- Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB (1999).
  Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary
  care study. Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Patient Health
  Questionnaire.
  *JAMA* 282: 1737-44.
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10568646/

- Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Löwe B (2010).
  The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom
  Scales: a systematic review.
  *Gen Hosp Psychiatry* 32: 345-59.
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20633738/


Intellectual property rights
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Public domain.

- “All PHQ, GAD-7 screeners and translations are downloadable from this website
  and no permission is required to reproduce, translate, display or distribute
  them. Relevant articles and a bibliography are also freely available.”
  (http://www.phqscreeners.com/overview.aspx, accessed 2012-09-04.)

- “All of the measures included in Table 1 are in the public domain. No
  permission is required to reproduce, translate, display or distribute.”
  (http://www.phqscreeners.com/instructions/instructions.pdf, accessed
  2012-09-04.)

- Newman JC, Feldman R (2011).
  Copyright and open access at the bedside.
  *NEJM* 365: 2247.
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22204721/;
  http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1110652